Skeletal Editing—Nitrogen Deletion of Secondary Amines by Anomeric Amide Reagents

Late-stage modification is highly desirable for the diversification and modification of biologically active compounds. Peripheral editing (e.g., C−H activation) has been the predominant methodology, whereas skeletal editing is in its infancy. The single-atom N-deletion using anomeric amide reagents constitutes a powerful tool to modify the underlying molecular skeletons of secondary amines. N-pivaloyloxy-N-alkoxyamide is easily prepared on a large scale and promotes C−C bond formation in good yields under the extrusion of N2 for a variety of (cyclic) aliphatic amines. The exploitation of widely available amines allows the use of existing amine synthesis protocols to translate into the construction of new C−C bonds, enabling ring contraction and the potential for structure optimization of biologically active compounds

Real-Time Set Editing in a Virtual Production Environment with an Innovative Interface

This bachelor thesis wants to describe a prototypical implementation of a 3D user interface for intuitive real-time set editing in virtual production. Furthermore this approach is evaluated qualitatively through a user group, testing the device and fill in a questionnaire. The dimension of virtual elements created with computer graphics technology in all areas of entertainment industry is steadily growing since the past years. Nevertheless can the editing process of virtual elements still require a costly process in terms of time and money. With the appearance of new input devices and improved tracking technologies it is interesting to evaluate if a real-time editing process could improve this situation. Being currently bound to experts on special workstations, this could lead to a more intuitive and real-time workflow, enabling everybody on a film set to influence the digital editing process and work collaboratively on the scene consisting of virtual and real elements.Ziel dieser Bachelorthesis ist die Beschreibung eines prototypischen 3D Editierverfahrens, das intuitives Editieren von virtuellen Elementen in Echtzeit innerhalb einer virtuellen Produktionsumgebung ermöglichen soll. Die Evaluation dieses Ansatzes geschieht qualitativ. Eine Benutzergruppe, bestehend aus Industrievertretern testet das neue Verfahren und füllt anschließend einen Fragebogen aus. Der Anteil virtueller, mithilfe von 3D Computergrafik erstellter, Elemente wächst in allen Bereichen der Entertainment Industrie seit Jahren stetig. Trotzdem ist die Bearbeitung von virtuellen Objekten nach wie vor ein komplexer Vorgang, der besonders geschulte Mitarbeiter an speziellen Arbeitsplätzen benötigt. Dies kostet Zeit und Geld. Mit dem Aufkommen neuer Eingabegeräte und verbesserten Tracking Technologien stellt sich die Frage ob es nicht möglich ist diesen Bearbeitungsprozess zu verbessern. Mithilfe des neuen Editierverfahrens soll eine intuitive Oberfläche geschaffen werden die es jedermann ermöglicht direkt noch am Filmset Änderungen an virtuellen Elementen vorzunehmen und gemeinsam an einer Filmszene zu arbeiten ohne dass hierfür besonderes Expertenwissen nötig wäre

Modelling the transport sector´s CO2 emissions in Germany: Background information and practical example

The presentation provides an overview to conducting emission inventories for municipalities. It was presented in the context of the SUMBA project, administered by DLR, Institute of Transport Research. Besides methodological foundations for calculating fleet development, fuel consumption and emissions, it provides an example from a German use case

A Brief History of OLEDs—Emitter Development and Industry Milestones

Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) have come a long way ever since their first introduction in 1987 at Eastman Kodak. Today, OLEDs are especially valued in the display and lighting industry for their promising features. As one of the research fields that equally inspires and drives development in academia and industry, OLED device technology has continuously evolved over more than 30 years. OLED devices have come forward based on three generations of emitter materials relying on fluorescence (first generation), phosphorescence (second generation), and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (third generation). Furthermore, research in academia and industry toward the fourth generation of OLEDs is in progress. Excerpts from the history of green, orange‐red, and blue OLED emitter development on the side of academia and milestones achieved by key players in the industry are included in this report

Diagrammatic Analysis of J.S. Bach’s The Well-Tempered Clavier Fugues, BWV 846–851

The field of musicology is constantly being enriched with digital, searchable music data. This trend opens new research possibilities; conversely, it requires new abilities to work with numerous data sets efficiently. Digital tools facilitate searching large music corpora and serve music analysis well. Nevertheless, there is still a potential to better harmonize research perspectives from musicology and computer science to make computational analysis outcomes more explicit, comprehensible, and flexible. The aim of this paper is to present new ways of handling, displaying, and considering musicological data. Music information from fugues BWV 846–851 composed by J.S. Bach, retrieved with Humdrum Tools and the Music Processing Suite (MPS) software, was processed and translated into a relational database. The visual display of the retrieved information was accomplished with dashboards using the data visualization software Tableau Public. The possibility of comparing each fugue’s voices makes it easier to comprehend the knowledge hidden behind music data. Additional options enable further visual exploration of the analyses and ensure conditions for abduction under assumptions of diagrammatic reasoning as proposed by Charles Sanders Peirce

Ambient temperature and kidney function in primary care patients

Introduction Exposure to high ambient temperatures is associated with a risk of acute kidney injury. However, evidence comes from emergency departments or extreme weather exposures. It is unclear whether temperature-related adverse kidney outcomes can also be detected at a community level in a temperate climate zone. Methods In a 9.5-year retrospective cohort study we correlated estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values of Swiss adult primary care patients from the FIRE cohort (Family medicine Research using Electronic medical records) with same-day maximum local ambient temperature data. We investigated 5 temperature groups (< 15 °C, 15–19 °C, 20–24 °C, 25–29 °C and  ≥ 30 °C) as well as possible interactions for patients with increased kidney vulnerability (chronic heart failure, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, therapy with renin–angiotensin–aldosterone-system (RAAS) inhibitors, diuretics or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). Results We included 18,000 primary care patients who altogether provided 132,176 creatinine measurements. In the unadjusted analysis, higher ambient temperatures were associated with lower eGFR across all age and vulnerability groups. In the adjusted models, we did not find a consistent association.The highest ambient temperature differences (> 25 or > 30 versus < 15 °C) were associated with marginally reduced kidney function only in patients with ≥ 3 risk factors for kidney vulnerability, with a maximum estimated glomerular filtration rate reduction of −2.9 ml/min/1.73m$^{2}$ (SE 1.0), P 0.003. Discussion In a large primary care cohort from a temperate climate zone, we did not find an association between ambient temperatures and kidney function. A marginal inverse association in highly vulnerable patients is of unclear clinical relevance

Citizens AND HYdrology (CANDHY): conceptualizing a transdisciplinary framework for citizen science addressing hydrological challenges

Widely available digital technologies are empowering citizens who are increasingly well informed and involved in numerous water, climate, and environmental challenges. Citizen science can serve many different purposes, from the "pleasure of doing science" to complementing observations, increasing scientific literacy, and supporting collaborative behaviour to solve specific water management problems. Still, procedures on how to incorporate citizens' knowledge effectively to inform policy and decision-making are lagging behind. Moreover, general conceptual frameworks are unavailable, preventing the widespread uptake of citizen science approaches for more participatory cross-sectorial water governance. In this work, we identify the shared constituents, interfaces, and interlinkages between hydrological sciences and other academic and non-academic disciplines in addressing water issues. Our goal is to conceptualize a transdisciplinary framework for valuing citizen science and advancing the hydrological sciences. Joint efforts between hydrological, computer, and social sciences are envisaged for integrating human sensing and behavioural mechanisms into the framework. Expanding opportunities of online communities complement the fundamental value of on-site surveying and indigenous knowledge. This work is promoted by the Citizens AND HYdrology (CANDHY) Working Group established by the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS)

Anomalous nonlinear X-ray Compton scattering

X-ray scattering is typically used as a weak linear atomic-scale probe of matter. At high intensities, such as produced at free-electron lasers, nonlinearities can become important, and the probe may no longer be considered weak. Here we report the observation of one of the most fundamental nonlinear X-ray–matter interactions: the concerted nonlinear Compton scattering of two identical hard X-ray photons producing a single higher-energy photon. The X-ray intensity reached 4 × 1020 W cm−2, corresponding to an electric field well above the atomic unit of strength and within almost four orders of magnitude of the quantum-electrodynamic critical field. We measure a signal from solid beryllium that scales quadratically in intensity, consistent with simultaneous non-resonant two-photon scattering from nearly-free electrons. The high-energy photons show an anomalously large redshift that is incompatible with a free-electron approximation for the ground-state electron distribution, suggesting an enhanced nonlinearity for scattering at large momentum transfer

Anomalous nonlinear X-ray Compton scattering

X-ray scattering is typically used as a weak linear atomic-scale probe of matter. At high intensities, such as produced at free-electron lasers, nonlinearities can become important, and the probe may no longer be considered weak. Here we report the observation of one of the most fundamental nonlinear X-ray–matter interactions: the concerted nonlinear Compton scattering of two identical hard X-ray photons producing a single higher-energy photon. The X-ray intensity reached 4 × 1020 W cm−2, corresponding to an electric field well above the atomic unit of strength and within almost four orders of magnitude of the quantum-electrodynamic critical field. We measure a signal from solid beryllium that scales quadratically in intensity, consistent with simultaneous non-resonant two-photon scattering from nearly-free electrons. The high-energy photons show an anomalously large redshift that is incompatible with a free-electron approximation for the ground-state electron distribution, suggesting an enhanced nonlinearity for scattering at large momentum transfer